9/6/2023 0 Comments Oid civilization v background![]() The Harappan seals were made up of stone that was rectangular and had an animal sculpted on them. Gold and silver have been used in the making of ornaments and vessels. Most of the objects that were made and found in the cities of the Harappan civilization were of stone, shell and metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver.Ĭopper and bronze were used for the production of tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Numerous terracotta toys were found in the Harappan sites, which demonstrates that children might have played with them. There had been men and women, craftsmen who made all sorts of things. The scribes were the people who knew how to write and help prepare the Harappan seals and maybe write on certain materials which had not survived. Rulers sent men to faraway places to get metal, precious stones, and other things they needed. The leaders were the ones who planned to build special buildings in the city. houses, drains and streets were designed and constructed at the same time. The drains in the houses were linked to the roads and smaller drains, which eventually led to larger ones. Each drain had a gentle slope to allow the water to flow through it. Most of those cities had covered the drains. The source of silver may have been the Jwar mines of Rajasthan.Īlmost all the houses had a separate bathing area, and many had wells to deliver water. Kolar gold fields of Karnataka and the river beds of the Himalayan rivers might have supplied some of the gold there. Thus, Rajasthan region is rich in various copper deposits and the Harappans acquired copper mainly from the Khetri mines which were located here. ![]() The presence of such raw materials found at sites away from the place of its origin, n indicates that it must have reached there through an exchange activity. It is important to note that different kinds of metals and precious stones which were needed by craftsmen to make goods, but as these were not readily available in the local market, they had to be brought from outside. The traders also made sure to establish contacts with foreign lands particularly Mesopotamia, where these goods were in demand. It led to contact between different towns. The urban craftsmen needed different markets to sell their goods in some areas. Both were interdependent on each other for their own benefit. As the maximum urban population had to depend on the surrounding countryside for the supply of food and other necessary products, there did emerge a village town interrelationship. Trading network both internal and external, was a very important feature of the urban economy of the Harappans. These were some of the special facts about Harappan civilization. Some towns like Mohenjodaro, Harappa, and Lothal had elaborate storage facilities. For instance, in Mohenjodaro, a very special tank, called the Great Bath, by historians, was built in this area. In several cities, special structures were constructed on the citadel. The walls were laid in an interlocking pattern, making the buildings strong. The bricks were so excellently baked that they survived centuries. ![]() The walls of the baked brick were built around each part of the city. The eastern part was larger, but the lower part was called the lower town. The western part, which was smaller but higher, was called the citadel. ![]() These cities have been divided into two or more parts. These are mainly found in Western and Central India and are described as non-Harappan Chalcolithic cultures. The origin and development of these cultures has been placed in the chronological span between 2000 BC–700 BC. These were basically very rural in nature. These Chalcolithic cultures which did lay out of the Harappan zone were not that rich in nature and flourishing. It has brought prosperity to the Harappan people, and they were able to set up different cities.īy around 2000 BC, several regional cultures had developed in the different parts of the subcontinent which were also based on the usage of stone and copper tools. It also gave way to the promotion of exchange or trading contracts with distant regions. This has led to the production of larger surpluses, to feed and help non-agricultural people such as artisans, administrators, etc. It is believed that the technology that was used to exploit the fertile plains of river Indus might have caused the increase of agricultural production. It developed from different Neolithic villages. The Harappan civilization did not appear suddenly. These Harappan sites have been found around the Indus River, proving the existence of the Indus Valley Civilization. Soon after, the discovery of cities such as Lothal, Dholavira, Mohenjodaro, and Kalibangan, have also come to be known as the Harappan cities or the advent of the Harappan civilization. Harappa is known to be a 4700-year-old city in the subcontinent that was discovered around the time of 1920. Harappa was among the earliest cities in the subcontinent to be discovered. ![]()
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